diff --git a/alioth/src/device/pvpanic.rs b/alioth/src/device/pvpanic.rs
index d49f1bd..7bfe268 100644
--- a/alioth/src/device/pvpanic.rs
+++ b/alioth/src/device/pvpanic.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl<const N: u64> Mmio for PvPanicBar<N> {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct PvPanic {
-    pub config: Arc<EmulatedConfig>,
+    pub config: EmulatedConfig,
 }
 
 impl PvPanic {
@@ -82,9 +82,7 @@ impl PvPanic {
         let mut bars = [const { PciBar::Empty }; 6];
         bars[0] = bar0;
         let config = EmulatedConfig::new_device(header, bar_masks, bars, PciCapList::new());
-        PvPanic {
-            config: Arc::new(config),
-        }
+        PvPanic { config }
     }
 }
 
@@ -95,8 +93,8 @@ impl Default for PvPanic {
 }
 
 impl Pci for PvPanic {
-    fn config(&self) -> Arc<dyn PciConfig> {
-        self.config.clone()
+    fn config(&self) -> &dyn PciConfig {
+        &self.config
     }
 
     fn reset(&self) -> pci::Result<()> {
diff --git a/alioth/src/pci/host_bridge.rs b/alioth/src/pci/host_bridge.rs
index c48e629..434b960 100644
--- a/alioth/src/pci/host_bridge.rs
+++ b/alioth/src/pci/host_bridge.rs
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
 use crate::pci;
 use crate::pci::cap::PciCapList;
 use crate::pci::config::{CommonHeader, DeviceHeader, EmulatedConfig, HeaderType, PciConfig};
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::pci::{Pci, PciBar};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct HostBridge {
-    pub config: Arc<EmulatedConfig>,
+    pub config: EmulatedConfig,
 }
 
 impl Default for HostBridge {
@@ -45,15 +43,13 @@ impl HostBridge {
         };
         let bars = [const { PciBar::Empty }; 6];
         let config = EmulatedConfig::new_device(header, [0; 6], bars, PciCapList::new());
-        HostBridge {
-            config: Arc::new(config),
-        }
+        HostBridge { config }
     }
 }
 
 impl Pci for HostBridge {
-    fn config(&self) -> Arc<dyn PciConfig> {
-        self.config.clone()
+    fn config(&self) -> &dyn PciConfig {
+        &self.config
     }
 
     fn reset(&self) -> pci::Result<()> {
diff --git a/alioth/src/pci/pci.rs b/alioth/src/pci/pci.rs
index 7a15457..7a3f374 100644
--- a/alioth/src/pci/pci.rs
+++ b/alioth/src/pci/pci.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub enum Error {
 pub type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
 
 pub trait Pci: Debug + Send + Sync + 'static {
-    fn config(&self) -> Arc<dyn PciConfig>;
+    fn config(&self) -> &dyn PciConfig;
     fn reset(&self) -> Result<()>;
 }
 
diff --git a/alioth/src/pci/segment.rs b/alioth/src/pci/segment.rs
index 5a80f0d..3814c6c 100644
--- a/alioth/src/pci/segment.rs
+++ b/alioth/src/pci/segment.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::pci::{Bdf, Pci, PciDevice, Result};
 struct EmptyDevice;
 
 impl Pci for EmptyDevice {
-    fn config(&self) -> Arc<dyn PciConfig> {
+    fn config(&self) -> &dyn PciConfig {
         unreachable!()
     }
 
diff --git a/alioth/src/vfio/pci.rs b/alioth/src/vfio/pci.rs
index f10132b..cd4fbfa 100644
--- a/alioth/src/vfio/pci.rs
+++ b/alioth/src/vfio/pci.rs
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ pub struct VfioPciDev<M, D>
 where
     M: MsiSender,
 {
-    config: Arc<PciPthConfig<D>>,
+    config: PciPthConfig<D>,
     msix_table: Arc<MsixTableMmio<M::IrqFd>>,
 }
 
@@ -396,8 +396,8 @@ where
     D: Device,
     M: MsiSender,
 {
-    fn config(&self) -> Arc<dyn PciConfig> {
-        self.config.clone()
+    fn config(&self) -> &dyn PciConfig {
+        &self.config
     }
 
     fn reset(&self) -> pci::Result<()> {
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ where
         }
 
         Ok(VfioPciDev {
-            config: Arc::new(PciPthConfig {
+            config: PciPthConfig {
                 header: EmulatedHeader {
                     data: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HeaderData {
                         header: config_header,
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ where
                     offset: region_config.offset,
                     size: region_config.size as usize,
                 },
-            }),
+            },
             msix_table,
         })
     }
diff --git a/alioth/src/virtio/pci.rs b/alioth/src/virtio/pci.rs
index dae0aca..219c82f 100644
--- a/alioth/src/virtio/pci.rs
+++ b/alioth/src/virtio/pci.rs
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ where
     E: IoeventFd,
 {
     pub dev: VirtioDevice<D, PciIrqSender<M>, E>,
-    pub config: Arc<EmulatedConfig>,
+    pub config: EmulatedConfig,
     pub registers: Arc<VirtioPciRegisterMmio<M>>,
 }
 
@@ -854,9 +854,7 @@ where
             }
         }
 
-        let config = Arc::new(EmulatedConfig::new_device(
-            header, bar_masks, bars, cap_list,
-        ));
+        let config = EmulatedConfig::new_device(header, bar_masks, bars, cap_list);
 
         Ok(VirtioPciDevice {
             dev,
@@ -872,8 +870,8 @@ where
     D: Virtio,
     E: IoeventFd,
 {
-    fn config(&self) -> Arc<dyn PciConfig> {
-        self.config.clone()
+    fn config(&self) -> &dyn PciConfig {
+        &self.config
     }
     fn reset(&self) -> pci::Result<()> {
         self.registers.wake_up_dev(WakeEvent::Reset);
diff --git a/alioth/src/vm.rs b/alioth/src/vm.rs
index 93c94c6..842b8e6 100644
--- a/alioth/src/vm.rs
+++ b/alioth/src/vm.rs
@@ -212,10 +212,8 @@ where
         } else {
             self.board.pci_bus.reserve(None, name.clone()).unwrap()
         };
-        let config = dev.dev.config();
+        dev.dev.config().get_header().set_bdf(bdf);
         self.board.pci_bus.add(bdf, dev);
-        let header = config.get_header();
-        header.set_bdf(bdf);
         log::info!("{bdf}: device: {name}");
         Ok(())
     }