diff --git a/qcow/src/refcount.rs b/qcow/src/refcount.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96b5e0cae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qcow/src/refcount.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+use std;
+use std::io;
+
+use libc::EINVAL;
+
+use qcow_raw_file::QcowRawFile;
+use vec_cache::{CacheMap, Cacheable, VecCache};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Error {
+    /// `EvictingCache` - Error writing a refblock from the cache to disk.
+    EvictingRefCounts(io::Error),
+    /// `InvalidIndex` - Address requested isn't within the range of the disk.
+    InvalidIndex,
+    /// `NeedCluster` - Handle this error by reading the cluster and calling the function again.
+    NeedCluster(u64),
+    /// `NeedNewCluster` - Handle this error by allocating a cluster and calling the function again.
+    NeedNewCluster,
+    /// `ReadingRefCounts` - Error reading the file in to the refcount cache.
+    ReadingRefCounts(io::Error),
+}
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
+
+/// Represents the refcount entries for an open qcow file.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RefCount {
+    ref_table: Vec<u64>,
+    refcount_table_offset: u64,
+    refblock_cache: CacheMap<VecCache<u16>>,
+    refcount_block_entries: u64, // number of refcounts in a cluster.
+    cluster_size: u64,
+}
+
+impl RefCount {
+    /// Creates a `RefCount` from `file`, reading the refcount table from `refcount_table_offset`.
+    /// `refcount_table_entries` specifies the number of refcount blocks used by this image.
+    /// `refcount_block_entries` indicates the number of refcounts in each refcount block.
+    /// Each refcount table entry points to a refcount block.
+    pub fn new(
+        raw_file: &mut QcowRawFile,
+        refcount_table_offset: u64,
+        refcount_table_entries: u64,
+        refcount_block_entries: u64,
+        cluster_size: u64,
+    ) -> io::Result<RefCount> {
+        let ref_table =
+            raw_file.read_pointer_table(refcount_table_offset, refcount_table_entries, None)?;
+        Ok(RefCount {
+            ref_table,
+            refcount_table_offset,
+            refblock_cache: CacheMap::new(50),
+            refcount_block_entries,
+            cluster_size,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of refcounts per block.
+    pub fn refcounts_per_block(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.refcount_block_entries
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `NeedNewCluster` if a new cluster needs to be allocated for refcounts. If an
+    /// existing cluster needs to be read, `NeedCluster(addr)` is returned. The Caller should
+    /// allocate a cluster or read the required one and call this function again with the cluster.
+    /// On success, an optional address of a dropped cluster is returned. The dropped cluster can
+    /// be reused for other purposes.
+    pub fn set_cluster_refcount(
+        &mut self,
+        raw_file: &mut QcowRawFile,
+        cluster_address: u64,
+        refcount: u16,
+        mut new_cluster: Option<(u64, VecCache<u16>)>,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
+        let (table_index, block_index) = self.get_refcount_index(cluster_address);
+
+        let block_addr_disk = *self.ref_table.get(table_index).ok_or(Error::InvalidIndex)?;
+
+        // Fill the cache if this block isn't yet there.
+        if !self.refblock_cache.contains_key(&table_index) {
+            // Need a new cluster
+            if let Some((addr, table)) = new_cluster.take() {
+                self.ref_table[table_index] = addr;
+                let ref_table = &self.ref_table;
+                self.refblock_cache
+                    .insert(table_index, table, |index, evicted| {
+                        raw_file.write_refcount_block(ref_table[index], evicted.get_values())
+                    })
+                    .map_err(Error::EvictingRefCounts)?;
+            } else {
+                if block_addr_disk == 0 {
+                    return Err(Error::NeedNewCluster);
+                }
+                return Err(Error::NeedCluster(block_addr_disk));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Unwrap is safe here as the entry was filled directly above.
+        let dropped_cluster = if !self.refblock_cache.get(&table_index).unwrap().dirty() {
+            // Free the previously used block and use a new one. Writing modified counts to new
+            // blocks keeps the on-disk state consistent even if it's out of date.
+            if let Some((addr, _)) = new_cluster.take() {
+                self.ref_table[table_index] = addr;
+                Some(block_addr_disk)
+            } else {
+                return Err(Error::NeedNewCluster);
+            }
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        self.refblock_cache.get_mut(&table_index).unwrap()[block_index] = refcount;
+        Ok(dropped_cluster)
+    }
+
+    /// Flush the dirty refcount blocks. This must be done before flushing the table that points to
+    /// the blocks.
+    pub fn flush_blocks(&mut self, raw_file: &mut QcowRawFile) -> io::Result<()> {
+        // Write out all dirty L2 tables.
+        for (table_index, block) in self.refblock_cache.iter_mut().filter(|(_k, v)| v.dirty()) {
+            let addr = self.ref_table[*table_index];
+            if addr != 0 {
+                raw_file.write_refcount_block(addr, block.get_values())?;
+            } else {
+                return Err(std::io::Error::from_raw_os_error(EINVAL));
+            }
+            block.mark_clean();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Flush the refcount table that keeps the address of the refcounts blocks.
+    pub fn flush_table(&mut self, raw_file: &mut QcowRawFile) -> io::Result<()> {
+        raw_file.write_pointer_table(self.refcount_table_offset, &self.ref_table, 0)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the refcount for a cluster with the given address.
+    pub fn get_cluster_refcount(
+        &mut self,
+        raw_file: &mut QcowRawFile,
+        address: u64,
+    ) -> Result<u16> {
+        let (table_index, block_index) = self.get_refcount_index(address);
+        let block_addr_disk = *self.ref_table.get(table_index).ok_or(Error::InvalidIndex)?;
+        if block_addr_disk == 0 {
+            return Ok(0);
+        }
+        if !self.refblock_cache.contains_key(&table_index) {
+            let table = VecCache::from_vec(
+                raw_file
+                    .read_refcount_block(block_addr_disk)
+                    .map_err(Error::ReadingRefCounts)?,
+            );
+            let ref_table = &self.ref_table;
+            self.refblock_cache
+                .insert(table_index, table, |index, evicted| {
+                    raw_file.write_refcount_block(ref_table[index], evicted.get_values())
+                })
+                .map_err(Error::EvictingRefCounts)?;
+        }
+        Ok(self.refblock_cache.get(&table_index).unwrap()[block_index])
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the refcount table for this file. This is only useful for debugging.
+    pub fn ref_table(&self) -> &[u64] {
+        &self.ref_table
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the refcounts stored in the given block.
+    pub fn refcount_block(
+        &mut self,
+        raw_file: &mut QcowRawFile,
+        table_index: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Option<&[u16]>> {
+        let block_addr_disk = *self.ref_table.get(table_index).ok_or(Error::InvalidIndex)?;
+        if block_addr_disk == 0 {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        if !self.refblock_cache.contains_key(&table_index) {
+            let table = VecCache::from_vec(
+                raw_file
+                    .read_refcount_block(block_addr_disk)
+                    .map_err(Error::ReadingRefCounts)?,
+            );
+            // TODO(dgreid) - closure needs to return an error.
+            let ref_table = &self.ref_table;
+            self.refblock_cache
+                .insert(table_index, table, |index, evicted| {
+                    raw_file.write_refcount_block(ref_table[index], evicted.get_values())
+                })
+                .map_err(Error::EvictingRefCounts)?;
+        }
+        // The index must exist as it was just inserted if it didn't already.
+        Ok(Some(
+            self.refblock_cache.get(&table_index).unwrap().get_values(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    // Gets the address of the refcount block and the index into the block for the given address.
+    fn get_refcount_index(&self, address: u64) -> (usize, usize) {
+        let block_index = (address / self.cluster_size) % self.refcount_block_entries;
+        let refcount_table_index = (address / self.cluster_size) / self.refcount_block_entries;
+        (refcount_table_index as usize, block_index as usize)
+    }
+}