diff --git a/lib/src/git.rs b/lib/src/git.rs
index 9b68253f1..922b82e5a 100644
--- a/lib/src/git.rs
+++ b/lib/src/git.rs
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ pub fn import_some_refs(
             mut_repo.remove_git_ref(&full_name);
             changed_git_refs.insert(ref_name, (Some(target), None));
         } else {
-            pinned_git_heads.insert(ref_name, target.adds());
+            pinned_git_heads.insert(ref_name, target.adds().to_vec());
         }
     }
     for (ref_name, (old_git_target, new_git_target)) in &changed_git_refs {
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ pub fn import_some_refs(
                 None => pinned_git_heads.remove(&local_ref_name),
                 Some(target) => {
                     // Note that we are mostly *replacing*, not inserting
-                    pinned_git_heads.insert(local_ref_name, target.adds())
+                    pinned_git_heads.insert(local_ref_name, target.adds().to_vec())
                 }
             };
         }
@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ pub fn import_some_refs(
         .values()
         .filter_map(|(old_git_target, _)| old_git_target.as_ref().map(|target| target.adds()))
         .flatten()
+        .cloned()
         .collect_vec();
     if hidable_git_heads.is_empty() {
         return Ok(());
diff --git a/lib/src/op_store.rs b/lib/src/op_store.rs
index d449fb93c..560b45cb0 100644
--- a/lib/src/op_store.rs
+++ b/lib/src/op_store.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Error, Formatter};
+use std::slice;
 
 use thiserror::Error;
 
@@ -144,21 +145,17 @@ impl RefTarget {
         matches!(self, RefTarget::Conflict { .. })
     }
 
-    pub fn removes(&self) -> Vec<CommitId> {
+    pub fn removes(&self) -> &[CommitId] {
         match self {
-            RefTarget::Normal(_) => {
-                vec![]
-            }
-            RefTarget::Conflict { removes, adds: _ } => removes.clone(),
+            RefTarget::Normal(_) => &[],
+            RefTarget::Conflict { removes, adds: _ } => removes,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn adds(&self) -> Vec<CommitId> {
+    pub fn adds(&self) -> &[CommitId] {
         match self {
-            RefTarget::Normal(id) => {
-                vec![id.clone()]
-            }
-            RefTarget::Conflict { removes: _, adds } => adds.clone(),
+            RefTarget::Normal(id) => slice::from_ref(id),
+            RefTarget::Conflict { removes: _, adds } => adds,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/src/refs.rs b/lib/src/refs.rs
index d8079e666..5c9f9bc25 100644
--- a/lib/src/refs.rs
+++ b/lib/src/refs.rs
@@ -30,17 +30,17 @@ pub fn merge_ref_targets(
     let mut removes = vec![];
     let mut adds = vec![];
     if let Some(left) = left {
-        removes.extend(left.removes());
-        adds.extend(left.adds());
+        removes.extend_from_slice(left.removes());
+        adds.extend_from_slice(left.adds());
     }
     if let Some(base) = base {
         // Note that these are backwards (because the base is subtracted).
-        removes.extend(base.adds());
-        adds.extend(base.removes());
+        removes.extend_from_slice(base.adds());
+        adds.extend_from_slice(base.removes());
     }
     if let Some(right) = right {
-        removes.extend(right.removes());
-        adds.extend(right.adds());
+        removes.extend_from_slice(right.removes());
+        adds.extend_from_slice(right.adds());
     }
 
     while let Some((maybe_remove_index, add_index)) = find_pair_to_remove(index, &removes, &adds) {
diff --git a/lib/src/revset.rs b/lib/src/revset.rs
index 998349286..490108130 100644
--- a/lib/src/revset.rs
+++ b/lib/src/revset.rs
@@ -1634,7 +1634,7 @@ fn resolve_git_ref(repo: &dyn Repo, symbol: &str) -> Option<Vec<CommitId>> {
     // way to address local git repo's remote-tracking branches.
     for git_ref_prefix in &["", "refs/", "refs/tags/", "refs/remotes/"] {
         if let Some(ref_target) = view.git_refs().get(&(git_ref_prefix.to_string() + symbol)) {
-            return Some(ref_target.adds());
+            return Some(ref_target.adds().to_vec());
         }
     }
     None
@@ -1646,20 +1646,20 @@ fn resolve_branch(repo: &dyn Repo, symbol: &str) -> Option<Vec<CommitId>> {
             branch_target
                 .local_target
                 .as_ref()
-                .map(|target| target.adds())
+                .map(|target| target.adds().to_vec())
                 .unwrap_or_default(),
         );
     }
     if let Some((name, remote_name)) = symbol.split_once('@') {
         if let Some(branch_target) = repo.view().branches().get(name) {
             if let Some(target) = branch_target.remote_targets.get(remote_name) {
-                return Some(target.adds());
+                return Some(target.adds().to_vec());
             }
         }
         // A remote with name "git" will shadow local-git tracking branches
         if remote_name == "git" {
             if let Some(target) = get_git_tracking_branch(repo.view(), name) {
-                return Some(target.adds());
+                return Some(target.adds().to_vec());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1773,7 +1773,7 @@ impl SymbolResolver for DefaultSymbolResolver<'_> {
         } else {
             // Try to resolve as a tag
             if let Some(target) = self.repo.view().tags().get(symbol) {
-                return Ok(target.adds());
+                return Ok(target.adds().to_vec());
             }
 
             // Try to resolve as a branch
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ fn resolve_commit_ref(
                     continue;
                 }
                 if let Some(local_target) = &branch_target.local_target {
-                    commit_ids.extend(local_target.adds());
+                    commit_ids.extend_from_slice(local_target.adds());
                 }
             }
             Ok(commit_ids)
@@ -1867,7 +1867,7 @@ fn resolve_commit_ref(
                 }
                 for (remote_name, remote_target) in branch_target.remote_targets.iter() {
                     if remote_name.contains(remote_needle) {
-                        commit_ids.extend(remote_target.adds());
+                        commit_ids.extend_from_slice(remote_target.adds());
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1876,21 +1876,21 @@ fn resolve_commit_ref(
         RevsetCommitRef::Tags => {
             let mut commit_ids = vec![];
             for ref_target in repo.view().tags().values() {
-                commit_ids.extend(ref_target.adds());
+                commit_ids.extend_from_slice(ref_target.adds());
             }
             Ok(commit_ids)
         }
         RevsetCommitRef::GitRefs => {
             let mut commit_ids = vec![];
             for ref_target in repo.view().git_refs().values() {
-                commit_ids.extend(ref_target.adds());
+                commit_ids.extend_from_slice(ref_target.adds());
             }
             Ok(commit_ids)
         }
         RevsetCommitRef::GitHead => {
             let mut commit_ids = vec![];
             if let Some(ref_target) = repo.view().git_head() {
-                commit_ids.extend(ref_target.adds());
+                commit_ids.extend_from_slice(ref_target.adds());
             }
             Ok(commit_ids)
         }
diff --git a/lib/src/rewrite.rs b/lib/src/rewrite.rs
index 55f39c5ad..a2588ac2e 100644
--- a/lib/src/rewrite.rs
+++ b/lib/src/rewrite.rs
@@ -228,13 +228,13 @@ impl<'settings, 'repo> DescendantRebaser<'settings, 'repo> {
             if let Some(local_target) = &branch_target.local_target {
                 for commit in local_target.removes() {
                     branches
-                        .entry(commit)
+                        .entry(commit.clone())
                         .or_default()
                         .insert(branch_name.clone());
                 }
                 for commit in local_target.adds() {
                     branches
-                        .entry(commit)
+                        .entry(commit.clone())
                         .or_default()
                         .insert(branch_name.clone());
                 }
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ impl<'settings, 'repo> DescendantRebaser<'settings, 'repo> {
                 }
                 let local_target = self.mut_repo.get_local_branch(branch_name).unwrap();
                 for old_add in local_target.adds() {
-                    if old_add == old_commit_id {
+                    if *old_add == old_commit_id {
                         branch_updates.push(branch_name.clone());
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/src/commands/branch.rs b/src/commands/branch.rs
index adceec912..e617ade2e 100644
--- a/src/commands/branch.rs
+++ b/src/commands/branch.rs
@@ -395,10 +395,10 @@ fn cmd_branch_list(
             write!(formatter.labeled("branch"), "@{remote}")?;
             if let Some(local_target) = branch_target.local_target.as_ref() {
                 let remote_ahead_count =
-                    revset::walk_revs(repo.as_ref(), &remote_target.adds(), &local_target.adds())?
+                    revset::walk_revs(repo.as_ref(), remote_target.adds(), local_target.adds())?
                         .count();
                 let local_ahead_count =
-                    revset::walk_revs(repo.as_ref(), &local_target.adds(), &remote_target.adds())?
+                    revset::walk_revs(repo.as_ref(), local_target.adds(), remote_target.adds())?
                         .count();
                 if remote_ahead_count != 0 && local_ahead_count == 0 {
                     write!(formatter, " (ahead by {remote_ahead_count} commits)")?;
diff --git a/src/commands/git.rs b/src/commands/git.rs
index bc470c785..32db5d1c9 100644
--- a/src/commands/git.rs
+++ b/src/commands/git.rs
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ fn cmd_git_push(
     let mut old_heads = vec![];
     for branch_target in repo.view().branches().values() {
         if let Some(old_head) = branch_target.remote_targets.get(&remote) {
-            old_heads.extend(old_head.adds());
+            old_heads.extend_from_slice(old_head.adds());
         }
     }
     if old_heads.is_empty() {