# How to Contribute ## Policies We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project. There are just a few small guidelines you need to follow. ### Contributor License Agreement Contributions to this project must be accompanied by a Contributor License Agreement. You (or your employer) retain the copyright to your contribution; this simply gives us permission to use and redistribute your contributions as part of the project. Head over to to see your current agreements on file or to sign a new one. You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted one (even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it again. ### Code reviews All submissions, including submissions by project members, require review. We use GitHub pull requests for this purpose. Consult [GitHub Help](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/) for more information on using pull requests. Unlike many GitHub projects (but like many VCS projects), we care more about the contents of commits than about the contents of PRs. We review each commit separately, and we don't squash-merge the PR (so please manually squash any fixup commits before sending for review). Each commit should ideally do one thing. For example, if you need to refactor a function in order to add a new feature cleanly, put the refactoring in one commit and the new feature in a different commit. If the refactoring itself consists of many parts, try to separate out those into separate commits. You can use `jj split` to do it if you didn't realize ahead of time how it should be split up. Include tests and documentation in the same commit as the code they test and document. The commit message should describe the changes in the commit; the PR description can even be empty, but feel free to include a personal message. We start the commit message with `: ` and don't use [conventional commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/). This means if you modified a command in the CLI, use its name as the topic, e.g. `next/prev: ` or `conflicts: `. We don't currently have a specific guidelines on what to write in the topic field, but the reviewers will help you provide a topic if you have difficulties choosing it. [How to Write a Git Commit Message](https://cbea.ms/git-commit/) is a good guide if you're new to writing good commit messages. We are not particularly strict about the style, but please do explain the reason for the change unless it's obvious. When you address comments on a PR, don't make the changes in a commit on top (as is typical on GitHub). Instead, please make the changes in the appropriate commit. You can do that by creating a new commit on top of the initial commit (`jj new `) and then squash in the changes when you're done (`jj squash`). `jj git push` will automatically force-push the bookmark. When your first PR has been approved, we typically give you contributor access, so you can address any remaining minor comments and then merge the PR yourself when you're ready. If you realize that some comments require non-trivial changes, please ask your reviewer to take another look. To avoid conflicts of interest, please don't merge a PR that has only been approved by someone from the same organization. Similarly, as a reviewer, there is no need to approve your coworkers' PRs, since the author should await an approval from someone else anyway. It is of course still appreciated if you review and comment on their PRs. Also, if the PR seems completely unrelated to your company's interests, do feel free to approve it. ### Community Guidelines This project follows [Google's Open Source Community Guidelines](https://opensource.google/conduct/). ## Contributing large patches Before sending a PR for a large change which designs/redesigns or reworks an existing component, we require an architecture review from multiple stakeholders, which we do with [Design Docs](design_docs.md), see the [process here](design_docs.md#process). ## Contributing to the documentation We appreciate [bug reports](https://github.com/martinvonz/jj/issues/new?template=bug_report.md) about any problems, however small, lurking in [our documentation website](https://martinvonz.github.io/jj/prerelease) or in the `jj help ` docs. If a part of the bug report template does not apply, you can just delete it. Before reporting a problem with the documentation website, we'd appreciate it if you could check that the problem still exists in the "prerelease" version of the documentation (as opposed to the docs for one of the released versions of `jj`). You can use the version switcher in the top-left of the website to do so. If you are willing to make a PR fixing a documentation problem, even better! The documentation website sources are Markdown files located in the [`docs/` directory](https://github.com/martinvonz/jj/tree/main/docs). You do not need to know Rust to work with them. See below for [instructions on how to preview the HTML docs](#previewing-the-html-documentation) as you edit the Markdown files. Doing so is optional, but recommended. The `jj help` docs are sourced from the "docstring" comments inside the Rust sources, currently from the [`cli/src/commands` directory](https://github.com/martinvonz/jj/tree/main/cli/src/commands). Working on them requires setting up a Rust development environment, as described below, and may occasionally require adjusting a test. ## Learning Rust In addition to the [Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/) and the other excellent resources at , we recommend the ["Comprehensive Rust" mini-course](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/) for an overview, especially if you are familiar with C++. ## Setting up a development environment To develop `jj`, the mandatory steps are simply to [install Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install) (the default installer options are fine), clone the repository, and use `cargo build` , `cargo fmt`, `cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets`, and `cargo test --workspace`. If you are preparing a PR, there are some additional recommended steps. ### Summary One-time setup: rustup toolchain add nightly # wanted for 'rustfmt' rustup toolchain add 1.76 # also specified in Cargo.toml cargo install cargo-insta cargo install cargo-watch cargo install cargo-nextest During development (adapt according to your preference): cargo watch --ignore '.jj/**' -s \ 'cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets \ && cargo +1.76 check --workspace --all-targets' cargo +nightly fmt # Occasionally cargo nextest run --workspace # Occasionally cargo insta test --workspace --test-runner nextest # Occasionally WARNING: Build artifacts from debug builds and especially from repeated invocations of `cargo test` can quickly take up 10s of GB of disk space. Cargo will happily use up your entire hard drive. If this happens, run `cargo clean`. ### Explanation These are listed roughly in order of decreasing importance. 1. Nearly any change to `jj`'s CLI will require writing or updating snapshot tests that use the [`insta`](https://insta.rs/) crate. To make this convenient, install the `cargo-insta` binary. Use `cargo insta test --workspace` to run tests, and `cargo insta review --workspace` to update the snapshot tests. The `--workspace` flag is needed to run the tests on all crates; by default, only the crate in the current directory is tested. 2. GitHub CI checks require that the code is formatted with the *nightly* version of `rustfmt`. To do this on your computer, install the nightly toolchain and use `cargo +nightly fmt`. 3. Your code will be rejected if it cannot be compiled with the minimal supported version of Rust ("MSRV"). Currently, `jj` follows a rather casual MSRV policy: "The current `rustc` stable version, minus one." As of this writing, that version is **1.76.0**. 4. Your code needs to pass `cargo clippy`. You can also use `cargo +nightly clippy` if you wish to see more warnings. 5. You may also want to install and use `cargo-watch`. In this case, you should exclude `.jj`. directory from the filesystem watcher, as it gets updated on every `jj log`. 6. To run tests more quickly, use `cargo nextest run --workspace`. To use `nextest` with `insta`, use `cargo insta test --workspace --test-runner nextest`. On Linux, you may be able to speed up `nextest` even further by using the `mold` linker, as explained below. ### Using `mold` for faster tests on Linux On a machine with a multi-core CPU, one way to speed up `cargo nextest` on Linux is to use the multi-threaded [`mold` linker](https://github.com/rui314/mold). This linker may help if, currently, your CPU is underused while Rust is linking test binaries. Before proceeding with `mold`, you can check whether this is an issue worth solving using a system monitoring tool such as `htop`. `mold` is packaged for many distributions. On Debian, for example, `sudo apt install mold` should just work. A simple way to use `mold` is via the `-run` option, e.g.: ```shell mold -run cargo insta test --workspace --test-runner nextest ``` There will be no indication that a different linker is used, except for higher CPU usage while linking and, hopefully, faster completion. You can verify that `mold` was indeed used by running `readelf -p .comment target/debug/jj`. There are also ways of having Rust use `mold` by default, see the ["How to use" instructions](https://github.com/rui314/mold#how-to-use). On recent versions of MacOS, the default linker Rust uses is already multi-threaded. It should use all the CPU cores without any configuration. ### Editor setup #### Visual Studio Code We recommend at least these settings: ```js { "files.insertFinalNewline": true, "files.trimTrailingWhitespace": true, "[rust]": { "files.trimTrailingWhitespace": false } } ``` #### Zed ```js // .zed/settings.json { "ensure_final_newline_on_save": true, "remove_trailing_whitespace_on_save": true, "languages": { // We don't use a formatter for Markdown files, so format_on_save would just // mess with others' docs "Markdown": { "format_on_save": "off" } "Rust": { "format_on_save": "on", // Avoid removing trailing spaces within multi-line string literals "remove_trailing_whitespace_on_save": false } }, "lsp": { "rust-analyzer": { "initialization_options": { // If you are working on docs and don't need `cargo check`, uncomment // this option: // // "checkOnSave": false, // Use nightly `rustfmt`, equivalent to `cargo +nightly fmt` "rustfmt": { "extraArgs": ["+nightly"] } } } } } ``` ## Previewing the HTML documentation The documentation for `jj` is automatically published to the website at . When editing documentation, we'd appreciate it if you checked that the result will look as expected when published to the website. ### Setting up the prerequisites To build the website, you must have Python and `poetry 1.8+` installed (the latest version is recommended). It is easiest to install `poetry` via `pipx`, as explained in the [Poetry installation instructions]. A few helpful points from the instructions: `pipx` can often be installed from your distribution, e.g. `sudo apt install pipx`; this will usually also install Python for you if necessary. Any version of `pipx` will do. If you are installing `pipx` manually, you may first need to follow the [Python installation instructions]. [Python installation instructions]: https://docs.python.org/3/using/index.html [Poetry installation instructions]: https://python-poetry.org/docs/#installation Once you have `poetry` installed, you should ask it to install the rest of the required tools into a virtual environment as follows: ```shell poetry install ``` You may get requests to "unlock a keyring", [an error messages about failing to do so](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/issues/1917), or Poetry may [simply hang indefinitely](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/issues/8623). The workaround is to either to unlock the keyring or to run the following, and then to try `poetry install` again: ```shell # For sh-compatible shells or recent versions of `fish` export PYTHON_KEYRING_BACKEND=keyring.backends.fail.Keyring ``` ### Building the HTML docs locally (with live reload) The HTML docs are built with [MkDocs](https://github.com/mkdocs/mkdocs). After following the above steps, you should be able to view the docs by running ```shell # Note: this and all the commands below should be run from the root of # the `jj` source tree. poetry run -- mkdocs serve ``` and opening in your browser. As you edit the `md` files, the website should be rebuilt and reloaded in your browser automatically, unless build errors occur. You should occasionally check the terminal from which you ran `mkdocs serve` for any build errors or warnings. Warnings about `"GET /versions.json HTTP/1.1" code 404` are expected and harmless. ### How to build the entire website (not usually necessary) The full `jj` website includes the documentation for several `jj` versions (`prerelease`, latest release, and the older releases). The top-level URL redirects to , which in turn redirects to the docs for the last stable version. The different versions of documentation are managed and deployed with [`mike`](https://github.com/jimporter/mike), which can be run with `poetry run -- mike`. On a POSIX system or WSL, one way to build the entire website is as follows (on Windows, you'll need to understand and adapt the shell script): 1. Check out `jj` as a co-located `jj + git` repository (`jj clone --colocate`), cloned from your fork of `jj` (e.g. `jjfan.github.com/jj`). You can also use a pure Git repo if you prefer. 2. Make sure `jjfan.github.com/jj` includes the `gh-pages` bookmark of the jj repo and run `git fetch origin gh-pages`. 3. Go to the GitHub repository settings, enable GitHub Pages, and configure them to use the `gh-pages` bookmark (this is usually the default). 4. Run the same `sh` script that is used in GitHub CI (details below): ```shell .github/scripts/docs-build-deploy 'https://jjfan.github.io/jj/'\ prerelease main --push ``` This should build the version of the docs from the current commit, deploy it as a new commit to the `gh-pages` bookmark, and push the `gh-pages` bookmark to the origin. 5. Now, you should be able to see the full website, including your latest changes to the `prerelease` version, at `https://jjfan.github.io/jj/prerelease/`. 6. (Optional) The previous steps actually only rebuild `https://jjfan.github.io/jj/prerelease/` and its alias `https://jjfan.github.io/jj/main/`. If you'd like to test out version switching back and forth, you can also rebuild the docs for the latest release as follows. ```shell jj new v1.33.1 # Let's say `jj 1.33.1` is the currently the latest release .github/scripts/docs-build-deploy 'https://jjfan.github.io/jj/'\ v1.33.1 latest --push ``` 7. (Optional) When you are done, you may want to reset the `gh-bookmarks` to the same spot as it is in the upstream. If you configured the `upstream` remote, this can be done with: ```shell # This will LOSE any changes you made to `gh-pages` jj git fetch --remote upstream jj bookmark set gh-pages -r gh-pages@upstream jj git push --remote origin --bookmark gh-pages ``` If you want to preserve some of the changes you made, you can do `jj bookmark set my-changes -r gh-pages` BEFORE running the above commands. #### Explanation of the `docs-build-deploy` script The script sets up the `site_url` mkdocs config to `'https://jjfan.github.io/jj/'`. If this config does not match the URL where you loaded the website, some minor website features (like the version switching widget) will have reduced functionality. Then, the script passes the rest of its arguments to `potery run -- mike deploy`, which does the rest of the job. Run `poetry run -- mike help deploy` to find out what the arguments do. If you need to do something more complicated, you can use `poetry run -- mike ...` commands. You can also edit the `gh-pages` bookmark directly, but take care to avoid files that will be overwritten by future invocations of `mike`. Then, you can submit a PR based on the `gh-pages` bookmark of (instead of the usual `main` bookmark). ## Modifying protobuffers (this is not common) Occasionally, you may need to change the `.proto` files that define jj's data storage format. In this case, you will need to add a few steps to the above workflow. - Install the `protoc` compiler. This usually means either `apt-get install protobuf-compiler` or downloading [an official release]. The `prost` [library docs] have additional advice. - Run `cargo run -p gen-protos` regularly (or after every edit to a `.proto` file). This is the same as running `cargo run` from `lib/gen-protos`. The `gen-protos` binary will use the `prost-build` library to compile the `.proto` files into `.rs` files. - If you are adding a new `.proto` file, you will need to edit the list of these files in `lib/gen-protos/src/main.rs`. [an official release]: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases [library docs]: https://docs.rs/prost-build/latest/prost_build/#sourcing-protoc The `.rs` files generated from `.proto` files are included in the repository, and there is a GitHub CI check that will complain if they do not match. ## Profiling One easy-to-use sampling profiler is [samply](https://github.com/mstange/samply). For example: ```shell cargo install samply samply record jj diff ``` Then just open the link it prints. Another option is to use the instrumentation we've added manually (using `tracing::instrument`) in various places. For example: ```shell JJ_TRACE=/tmp/trace.json jj diff ``` Then go to `https://ui.perfetto.dev/` in Chrome and load `/tmp/trace.json` from there.