diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
index 8ba38057..b4926de7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ mod test {
             ListSlice::RawStr("".into()),
             ListSlice::Unknown(0),
         ];
-        let list_slice_buf = vec![3, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0];
+        let list_slice_buf = vec![3, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0];
         assert_eq!(
             postcard::from_bytes::<Vec<ListSlice>>(&list_slice_buf).unwrap(),
             list_slice
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs
index 5db9181e..d7ee1811 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use std::{
     fmt::Debug,
 };
 
+use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rle::{HasLength, Sliceable};
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
@@ -352,6 +353,7 @@ where
     let mut b_count = b_ids.len();
     let mut min = None;
     while let Some((node, mut node_type)) = queue.pop() {
+        debug_dbg!(&node);
         match node_type {
             NodeType::A => a_count -= 1,
             NodeType::B => b_count -= 1,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index fdabca5b..e6ebda5f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -937,6 +937,36 @@ mod test {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_r1() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            8,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 3871,
+                    pos: 20971570,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Sync { from: 0, to: 31 },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 58502001197056,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 13599,
+                    pos: 36261893487333151,
+                    site: 31,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn fuzz_r() {
         test_multi_sites_refactored(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/oplog/dag.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/oplog/dag.rs
index b1dd6d89..1453a0db 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/oplog/dag.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/oplog/dag.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use crate::change::Lamport;
 use crate::dag::{Dag, DagNode};
 use crate::id::{Counter, ID};
-use crate::span::{HasId, HasLamport};
+use crate::span::{HasId, HasLamport, HasLamportSpan};
 use crate::version::{Frontiers, ImVersionVector, VersionVector};
 use rle::{HasIndex, HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
 
@@ -160,4 +160,25 @@ impl AppDag {
     pub fn vv_to_frontiers(&self, vv: &VersionVector) -> Frontiers {
         vv.to_frontiers(self)
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn frontiers_to_next_lamport(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers) -> Lamport {
+        if frontiers.is_empty() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        let mut lamport = {
+            let id = frontiers[0];
+            let Some(rle) = self.map.get(&id.peer) else { unreachable!() };
+            let Some(x) = rle.get_by_atom_index(id.counter) else { unreachable!() };
+            x.element.lamport_end()
+        };
+
+        for id in frontiers[1..].iter() {
+            let Some(rle) = self.map.get(&id.peer) else { unreachable!() };
+            let Some(x) = rle.get_by_atom_index(id.counter) else { unreachable!() };
+            lamport = lamport.max(x.element.lamport_end());
+        }
+
+        lamport
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/state.rs
index e9b66e6e..ec32f571 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/state.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ use super::{arena::SharedArena, oplog::OpLog};
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct AppState {
     pub(super) peer: PeerID,
-    pub(super) next_lamport: Lamport,
     pub(super) next_counter: Counter,
 
     pub(super) frontiers: Frontiers,
@@ -96,7 +94,6 @@ impl AppState {
         Self {
             peer,
             next_counter: 0,
-            next_lamport: oplog.latest_lamport + 1,
             frontiers: Frontiers::default(),
             states: FxHashMap::default(),
             arena: oplog.arena.clone(),
@@ -135,7 +132,6 @@ impl AppState {
             state.apply_diff(&diff.diff, &self.arena);
         }
 
-        self.next_lamport = next_lamport.max(self.next_lamport);
         self.frontiers = frontiers.clone();
     }
 
@@ -165,13 +161,7 @@ impl AppState {
         self.in_txn = false;
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn commit_txn(
-        &mut self,
-        new_frontiers: Frontiers,
-        next_lamport: Lamport,
-        next_counter: Counter,
-    ) {
-        debug_dbg!(&self.next_lamport, next_lamport);
+    pub(crate) fn commit_txn(&mut self, new_frontiers: Frontiers, next_counter: Counter) {
         for container_idx in std::mem::take(&mut self.changed_in_txn) {
             self.states.get_mut(&container_idx).unwrap().commit_txn();
         }
@@ -179,7 +169,6 @@ impl AppState {
         self.in_txn = false;
         self.frontiers = new_frontiers;
         self.next_counter = next_counter;
-        self.next_lamport = next_lamport;
     }
 
     pub(super) fn get_state_mut(&mut self, idx: ContainerIdx) -> Option<&mut State> {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/txn.rs
index 110c2b47..60b894b8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/refactor/txn.rs
@@ -37,15 +37,19 @@ impl Transaction {
         let frontiers = state_lock.frontiers.clone();
         let peer = state_lock.peer;
         let next_counter = state_lock.next_counter;
-        let next_lamport = state_lock.next_lamport;
+        let next_lamport = oplog
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .dag
+            .frontiers_to_next_lamport(&frontiers);
         drop(state_lock);
         Self {
             peer,
-            next_lamport,
             next_counter,
             state,
             arena,
             oplog,
+            next_lamport,
             frontiers,
             local_ops: RleVec::new(),
             finished: false,
@@ -86,10 +90,10 @@ impl Transaction {
         let mut oplog = self.oplog.lock().unwrap();
         let deps = take(&mut self.frontiers);
         let change = Change {
+            lamport: self.next_lamport - ops.atom_len() as Lamport,
             ops,
             deps,
             id: oplog.next_id(state.peer),
-            lamport: self.next_lamport,
             timestamp: oplog.get_timestamp(),
         };
 
@@ -100,11 +104,7 @@ impl Transaction {
             self._abort();
             return Err(err);
         }
-        state.commit_txn(
-            Frontiers::from_id(last_id),
-            self.next_lamport,
-            self.next_counter,
-        );
+        state.commit_txn(Frontiers::from_id(last_id), self.next_counter);
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/rle/src/rle_vec.rs b/crates/rle/src/rle_vec.rs
index f6fde4b2..69a4cb08 100644
--- a/crates/rle/src/rle_vec.rs
+++ b/crates/rle/src/rle_vec.rs
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ where
     pub fn atom_len(&self) -> <A::Item as HasIndex>::Int {
         self.vec
             .last()
-            .map(|x| x.get_end_index())
+            .map(|x| x.get_end_index() - self.vec.first().unwrap().get_start_index())
             .unwrap_or(<A::Item as HasIndex>::Int::from_usize(0).unwrap())
     }
 }