diff --git a/crates/examples/Cargo.toml b/crates/examples/Cargo.toml
index d19e3a43..db550647 100644
--- a/crates/examples/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/examples/Cargo.toml
@@ -30,3 +30,7 @@ harness = false
 [[bench]]
 name = "bench_text"
 harness = false
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "fork"
+harness = false
diff --git a/crates/examples/benches/fork.rs b/crates/examples/benches/fork.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84587ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/examples/benches/fork.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
+use loro::LoroDoc;
+
+fn bench_fork(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    {
+        let mut b = c.benchmark_group("fork");
+        b.bench_function("fork 1000 times with text edit at each fork", |b| {
+            b.iter(|| {
+                let mut doc = LoroDoc::new();
+                for _ in 0..1000 {
+                    let text = doc.get_text("text");
+                    text.insert(0, "Hi").unwrap();
+                    doc = doc.fork();
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+criterion_group!(benches, bench_fork);
+criterion_main!(benches);
diff --git a/crates/examples/examples/fork.rs b/crates/examples/examples/fork.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e48caa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/examples/examples/fork.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+use loro::LoroDoc;
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut doc = LoroDoc::new();
+    for _ in 0..10_000 {
+        let text = doc.get_text("text");
+        text.insert(0, "Hi").unwrap();
+        doc = doc.fork();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 3c2149c5..6a7b44b7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ struct InnerSharedArena {
     parents: Mutex<FxHashMap<ContainerIdx, Option<ContainerIdx>>>,
     values: Mutex<Vec<LoroValue>>,
     root_c_idx: Mutex<Vec<ContainerIdx>>,
-    str: Mutex<StrArena>,
+    str: Arc<Mutex<StrArena>>,
 }
 
 /// This is shared between [OpLog] and [AppState].
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
                 parents: Mutex::new(self.inner.parents.try_lock().unwrap().clone()),
                 values: Mutex::new(self.inner.values.try_lock().unwrap().clone()),
                 root_c_idx: Mutex::new(self.inner.root_c_idx.try_lock().unwrap().clone()),
-                str: Mutex::new(self.inner.str.try_lock().unwrap().clone()),
+                str: self.inner.str.clone(),
             }),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
index 12027dc7..7fd5bca7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub use crate::container::richtext::config::{StyleConfig, StyleConfigMap};
+use crate::LoroDoc;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Configure {
@@ -8,6 +9,15 @@ pub struct Configure {
     pub(crate) editable_detached_mode: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
 
+impl LoroDoc {
+    pub(crate) fn set_config(&self, config: &Configure) {
+        self.config_text_style(config.text_style_config.read().unwrap().clone());
+        self.set_record_timestamp(config.record_timestamp());
+        self.set_change_merge_interval(config.merge_interval());
+        self.set_detached_editing(config.detached_editing());
+    }
+}
+
 impl Default for Configure {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
index 819a2d8f..a937fc16 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 pub(crate) mod arena;
-mod fast_snapshot;
+pub(crate) mod fast_snapshot;
 pub(crate) mod json_schema;
 mod outdated_encode_reordered;
 mod shallow_snapshot;
@@ -213,7 +213,10 @@ impl EncodeMode {
     }
 
     pub fn is_snapshot(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, EncodeMode::OutdatedSnapshot)
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            EncodeMode::OutdatedSnapshot | EncodeMode::FastSnapshot
+        )
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/fast_snapshot.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/fast_snapshot.rs
index 6e3ea46b..ea46a2b8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/fast_snapshot.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/fast_snapshot.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use bytes::{Buf, Bytes};
 use loro_common::{IdSpan, LoroError, LoroResult};
 use tracing::trace;
 pub(crate) const EMPTY_MARK: &[u8] = b"E";
-pub(super) struct Snapshot {
+pub(crate) struct Snapshot {
     pub oplog_bytes: Bytes,
     pub state_bytes: Option<Bytes>,
     pub shallow_root_state_bytes: Bytes,
@@ -70,6 +70,16 @@ fn read_u32_le(r: &mut bytes::buf::Reader<Bytes>) -> u32 {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn decode_snapshot(doc: &LoroDoc, bytes: Bytes) -> LoroResult<()> {
+    let snapshot = _decode_snapshot_bytes(bytes)?;
+    decode_snapshot_inner(snapshot, doc)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn decode_snapshot_inner(snapshot: Snapshot, doc: &LoroDoc) -> Result<(), LoroError> {
+    let Snapshot {
+        oplog_bytes,
+        state_bytes,
+        shallow_root_state_bytes,
+    } = snapshot;
     ensure_cov::notify_cov("loro_internal::import::fast_snapshot::decode_snapshot");
     let mut state = doc.app_state().try_lock().map_err(|_| {
         LoroError::DecodeError(
@@ -94,11 +104,6 @@ pub(crate) fn decode_snapshot(doc: &LoroDoc, bytes: Bytes) -> LoroResult<()> {
 
     assert!(state.frontiers.is_empty());
     assert!(oplog.frontiers().is_empty());
-    let Snapshot {
-        oplog_bytes,
-        state_bytes,
-        shallow_root_state_bytes,
-    } = _decode_snapshot_bytes(bytes)?;
     oplog.decode_change_store(oplog_bytes)?;
     let need_calc = state_bytes.is_none();
     let state_frontiers;
@@ -157,7 +162,11 @@ impl OpLog {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn encode_snapshot<W: std::io::Write>(doc: &LoroDoc, w: &mut W) {
-    // events should be emitted before encode snapshot
+    let snapshot = encode_snapshot_inner(doc);
+    _encode_snapshot(snapshot, w);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn encode_snapshot_inner(doc: &LoroDoc) -> Snapshot {
     assert!(doc.drop_pending_events().is_empty());
     let old_state_frontiers = doc.state_frontiers();
     let was_detached = doc.is_detached();
@@ -169,9 +178,10 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_snapshot<W: std::io::Write>(doc: &LoroDoc, w: &mut W) {
         let f = oplog.shallow_since_frontiers().clone();
         drop(oplog);
         drop(state);
-        shallow_snapshot::export_shallow_snapshot(doc, &f, w).unwrap();
-        return;
+        let (snapshot, _) = shallow_snapshot::export_shallow_snapshot_inner(doc, &f).unwrap();
+        return snapshot;
     }
+
     assert!(!state.is_in_txn());
     let oplog_bytes = oplog.encode_change_store();
     if oplog.is_shallow() {
@@ -180,7 +190,6 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_snapshot<W: std::io::Write>(doc: &LoroDoc, w: &mut W) {
             state.store.shallow_root_frontiers().unwrap()
         );
     }
-
     if was_detached {
         let latest = oplog.frontiers().clone();
         drop(oplog);
@@ -188,23 +197,20 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_snapshot<W: std::io::Write>(doc: &LoroDoc, w: &mut W) {
         doc.checkout_without_emitting(&latest).unwrap();
         state = doc.app_state().try_lock().unwrap();
     }
-
     state.ensure_all_alive_containers();
     let state_bytes = state.store.encode();
-    _encode_snapshot(
-        Snapshot {
-            oplog_bytes,
-            state_bytes: Some(state_bytes),
-            shallow_root_state_bytes: Bytes::new(),
-        },
-        w,
-    );
-
+    let snapshot = Snapshot {
+        oplog_bytes,
+        state_bytes: Some(state_bytes),
+        shallow_root_state_bytes: Bytes::new(),
+    };
     if was_detached {
         drop(state);
         doc.checkout_without_emitting(&old_state_frontiers).unwrap();
         doc.drop_pending_events();
     }
+
+    snapshot
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn decode_oplog(oplog: &mut OpLog, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<Change>, LoroError> {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/shallow_snapshot.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/shallow_snapshot.rs
index 6632023d..989a1a54 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/shallow_snapshot.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/shallow_snapshot.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,15 @@ pub(crate) fn export_shallow_snapshot<W: std::io::Write>(
     start_from: &Frontiers,
     w: &mut W,
 ) -> Result<Frontiers, LoroEncodeError> {
+    let (snapshot, start_from) = export_shallow_snapshot_inner(doc, start_from)?;
+    _encode_snapshot(snapshot, w);
+    Ok(start_from)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn export_shallow_snapshot_inner(
+    doc: &LoroDoc,
+    start_from: &Frontiers,
+) -> Result<(Snapshot, Frontiers), LoroEncodeError> {
     let oplog = doc.oplog().try_lock().unwrap();
     let start_from = calc_shallow_doc_start(&oplog, start_from);
     let mut start_vv = oplog.dag().frontiers_to_vv(&start_from).unwrap();
@@ -110,7 +119,6 @@ pub(crate) fn export_shallow_snapshot<W: std::io::Write>(
         shallow_root_state_bytes,
     };
 
-    _encode_snapshot(snapshot, w);
     if state_frontiers != latest_frontiers {
         doc.checkout_without_emitting(&state_frontiers).unwrap();
     }
@@ -120,7 +128,7 @@ pub(crate) fn export_shallow_snapshot<W: std::io::Write>(
     }
 
     doc.drop_pending_events();
-    Ok(start_from)
+    Ok((snapshot, start_from))
 }
 
 fn has_unknown_container<'a>(mut cids: impl Iterator<Item = &'a ContainerID>) -> bool {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/history_cache.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/history_cache.rs
index c79eca3d..7b419b10 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/history_cache.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/history_cache.rs
@@ -66,15 +66,6 @@ impl HistoryCacheTrait for ForCheckout {
 }
 
 impl ContainerHistoryCache {
-    pub(crate) fn fork(&self, change_store: ChangeStore, gc: Option<Arc<GcStore>>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            change_store,
-            for_checkout: None,
-            for_importing: None,
-            shallow_root_state: gc,
-        }
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn new(change_store: ChangeStore, gc: Option<Arc<GcStore>>) -> Self {
         Self {
             change_store,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index 1ccee0de..4917b838 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ use crate::{
     dag::DagUtils,
     diff_calc::DiffCalculator,
     encoding::{
-        decode_snapshot, export_fast_snapshot, export_fast_updates, export_fast_updates_in_range,
-        export_shallow_snapshot, export_snapshot, export_snapshot_at, export_state_only_snapshot,
-        json_schema::json::JsonSchema, parse_header_and_body, EncodeMode, ImportStatus,
-        ParsedHeaderAndBody,
+        self, decode_snapshot, export_fast_snapshot, export_fast_updates,
+        export_fast_updates_in_range, export_shallow_snapshot, export_snapshot, export_snapshot_at,
+        export_state_only_snapshot, json_schema::json::JsonSchema, parse_header_and_body,
+        EncodeMode, ImportStatus, ParsedHeaderAndBody,
     },
     event::{str_to_path, EventTriggerKind, Index, InternalDocDiff},
     handler::{Handler, MovableListHandler, TextHandler, TreeHandler, ValueOrHandler},
@@ -98,37 +98,13 @@ impl LoroDoc {
 
     pub fn fork(&self) -> Self {
         self.commit_then_stop();
-        let arena = self.arena.fork();
-        let config = self.config.fork();
-        let txn = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
-        let new_state = self.state.try_lock().unwrap().fork_with_new_peer_id(
-            arena.clone(),
-            Arc::downgrade(&txn),
-            config.clone(),
-        );
-        let gc = new_state.try_lock().unwrap().shallow_root_store().cloned();
-        let doc = LoroDoc {
-            oplog: Arc::new(Mutex::new(self.oplog().try_lock().unwrap().fork(
-                arena.clone(),
-                config.clone(),
-                gc,
-            ))),
-            state: new_state,
-            observer: Arc::new(Observer::new(arena.clone())),
-            arena,
-            config,
-            diff_calculator: Arc::new(Mutex::new(DiffCalculator::new(true))),
-            txn,
-            auto_commit: AtomicBool::new(false),
-            detached: AtomicBool::new(self.is_detached()),
-            local_update_subs: SubscriberSetWithQueue::new(),
-            peer_id_change_subs: SubscriberSetWithQueue::new(),
-        };
-
+        let snapshot = encoding::fast_snapshot::encode_snapshot_inner(self);
+        let doc = Self::new();
+        encoding::fast_snapshot::decode_snapshot_inner(snapshot, &doc).unwrap();
+        doc.set_config(&self.config);
         if self.auto_commit.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed) {
             doc.start_auto_commit();
         }
-
         self.renew_txn_if_auto_commit();
         doc
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index ac058b01..5f8bac0c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::sync::Mutex;
 use tracing::{debug, trace, trace_span};
 
 use self::change_store::iter::MergedChangeIter;
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use crate::history_cache::ContainerHistoryCache;
 use crate::id::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
 use crate::op::{FutureInnerContent, ListSlice, RawOpContent, RemoteOp, RichOp};
 use crate::span::{HasCounterSpan, HasLamportSpan};
-use crate::state::GcStore;
 use crate::version::{Frontiers, ImVersionVector, VersionVector};
 use crate::LoroError;
 use change_store::BlockOpRef;
@@ -83,34 +82,6 @@ impl OpLog {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn fork(
-        &self,
-        arena: SharedArena,
-        configure: Configure,
-        gc: Option<Arc<GcStore>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let change_store = self.change_store.fork(
-            arena.clone(),
-            configure.merge_interval.clone(),
-            self.vv(),
-            self.frontiers(),
-        );
-        Self {
-            history_cache: Mutex::new(
-                self.history_cache
-                    .try_lock()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .fork(change_store.clone(), gc),
-            ),
-            change_store: change_store.clone(),
-            dag: self.dag.fork(change_store),
-            arena,
-            pending_changes: Default::default(),
-            batch_importing: false,
-            configure,
-        }
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     pub fn dag(&self) -> &AppDag {
         &self.dag
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/loro_dag.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/loro_dag.rs
index f678aa80..6ead3919 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/loro_dag.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/loro_dag.rs
@@ -429,21 +429,6 @@ impl AppDag {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn fork(&self, change_store: ChangeStore) -> AppDag {
-        AppDag {
-            change_store: change_store.clone(),
-            map: Mutex::new(self.map.try_lock().unwrap().clone()),
-            frontiers: self.frontiers.clone(),
-            vv: self.vv.clone(),
-            unparsed_vv: Mutex::new(self.unparsed_vv.try_lock().unwrap().clone()),
-            unhandled_dep_points: Mutex::new(self.unhandled_dep_points.try_lock().unwrap().clone()),
-            shallow_since_frontiers: self.shallow_since_frontiers.clone(),
-            shallow_since_vv: self.shallow_since_vv.clone(),
-            shallow_root_frontiers_deps: self.shallow_root_frontiers_deps.clone(),
-            pending_txn_node: self.pending_txn_node.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn total_parsed_dag_node(&self) -> usize {
         self.map.try_lock().unwrap().len()
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index ecd25186..57f4fd1b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -385,17 +385,18 @@ impl DocState {
     }
 
     pub fn fork_with_new_peer_id(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         arena: SharedArena,
         global_txn: Weak<Mutex<Option<Transaction>>>,
         config: Configure,
     ) -> Arc<Mutex<Self>> {
-        Arc::new_cyclic(|weak| {
-            let peer = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(DefaultRandom.next_u64()));
+        let peer = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(DefaultRandom.next_u64()));
+        let store = self.store.fork(arena.clone(), peer.clone(), config.clone());
+        Arc::new_cyclic(move |weak| {
             Mutex::new(Self {
-                peer: peer.clone(),
+                peer,
                 frontiers: self.frontiers.clone(),
-                store: self.store.fork(arena.clone(), peer, config.clone()),
+                store,
                 arena,
                 config,
                 weak_state: weak.clone(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store.rs
index 3388a254..2e9925ab 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store.rs
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ impl ContainerStore {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn fork(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         arena: SharedArena,
         peer: Arc<AtomicU64>,
         config: Configure,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store/container_wrapper.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store/container_wrapper.rs
index 08d57d0a..1daa684f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store/container_wrapper.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store/container_wrapper.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue};
 use crate::state::counter_state::CounterState;
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
-    configure::Configure,
     container::idx::ContainerIdx,
     state::{
         unknown_state::UnknownState, ContainerCreationContext, ContainerState, FastStateSnapshot,
@@ -52,34 +51,6 @@ impl ContainerWrapper {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn fork(&self, config: &Configure) -> Self {
-        if self.flushed {
-            Self {
-                depth: self.depth,
-                kind: self.kind,
-                parent: self.parent.clone(),
-                bytes: self.bytes.clone(),
-                value: self.value.clone(),
-                bytes_offset_for_value: self.bytes_offset_for_value,
-                bytes_offset_for_state: self.bytes_offset_for_state,
-                state: None,
-                flushed: true,
-            }
-        } else {
-            Self {
-                depth: self.depth,
-                kind: self.kind,
-                parent: self.parent.clone(),
-                bytes: None,
-                value: None,
-                bytes_offset_for_value: None,
-                bytes_offset_for_state: None,
-                state: Some(self.state.as_ref().unwrap().fork(config)),
-                flushed: false,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn depth(&self) -> usize {
         self.depth
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store/inner_store.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store/inner_store.rs
index 0f4bc501..7dca6ea9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store/inner_store.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/container_store/inner_store.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-use std::ops::Bound;
-
-use bytes::Bytes;
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::ContainerID;
-use tracing::trace;
-
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena, configure::Configure, container::idx::ContainerIdx,
     state::container_store::FRONTIERS_KEY, utils::kv_wrapper::KvWrapper, version::Frontiers,
 };
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::ContainerID;
+use std::ops::Bound;
 
 use super::ContainerWrapper;
 
@@ -145,7 +142,6 @@ impl InnerStore {
                 count += 1;
                 let cid = ContainerID::from_bytes(&k);
                 let parent = ContainerWrapper::decode_parent(&v);
-                trace!("decode register parent {:?} parent = {:?}", &cid, &parent);
                 let idx = self.arena.register_container(&cid);
                 let p = parent.as_ref().map(|p| self.arena.register_container(p));
                 self.arena.set_parent(idx, p);
@@ -238,19 +234,12 @@ impl InnerStore {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn fork(&self, arena: SharedArena, config: &Configure) -> InnerStore {
-        // PERF: we can try flushing before forking
-        InnerStore {
-            arena,
-            store: self
-                .store
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(idx, c)| (*idx, c.fork(config)))
-                .collect(),
-            kv: self.kv.clone(),
-            len: self.len,
-            all_loaded: self.all_loaded,
-        }
+    pub(crate) fn fork(&mut self, arena: SharedArena, _config: &Configure) -> InnerStore {
+        // PERF: we can try to reuse
+        let bytes = self.encode();
+        let mut new_store = Self::new(arena);
+        new_store.decode(bytes).unwrap();
+        new_store
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn len(&self) -> usize {
diff --git a/crates/loro/tests/loro_rust_test.rs b/crates/loro/tests/loro_rust_test.rs
index e3a2b16d..c103860d 100644
--- a/crates/loro/tests/loro_rust_test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro/tests/loro_rust_test.rs
@@ -1768,7 +1768,7 @@ fn test_encode_snapshot_when_checkout() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn travel_change_ancestors() {
+fn test_travel_change_ancestors() {
     let doc = LoroDoc::new();
     doc.set_peer_id(1).unwrap();
     doc.get_text("text").insert(0, "Hello").unwrap();